Howard W. Haggard

research included work on such diverse problems as "mine rescue, the prevention of industrial poisoning, the development of the modern gas mask, inhalation therapy, anesthesia, the ventilation of vehicle tunnels, decompression in diving and caisson work, resuscitation from drowning, gas poisoning and electric shock" (L.A.G., 1959, p. 211).³ Haggard was the Laboratory's director from 1938 (Page, 1988, p. 1100) to his retirement in 1959.  He was also the initiator of a key, post-Repeal alcohol studies group in his Laboratory--originally named the Section on Studies of Alcohol and, later, the Yale Center of Alcohol Studies.  Thus he was also one of the founding fathers of the scientific wing of the modern alcoholism movement.

In his own day, however, Haggard was more widely known as a prolific science popularizer and textbook author.  Between 1927
 

Following the QJSA's launch, Haggard launched two more information-diffusing enterprises in as many years.  Both were aimed at a popular or lay audience rather than a technical one. He co authored, with Jellinek, a nontechnical introduction to alcohol titled Alcohol Explored, which was published in 1942. He also launched the famous Yale Summer School of Alcohol Studies whose doors first opened in 1943.  All three enterprises--the QJSA, Alcohol Explored, and the Yale Summer School--can be regarded as remarkable and puzzling on account of their early appearance in the just-launched "new scientific approach" to alcohol problems. The QJSA had been offered to the RCPA at a time when that organization had hardly begun successfully garnering support for its roster of approved scientific projects.  Even in the best of circumstances, long months and years would have to pass before the RCPA's planned projects were completed and ready for scientific publication.  Haggard began writing Alcohol Explored in the Spring of 1941⁷ and well before the Carnegie-funded project had reached full completion.  The book was part of an American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS) series of nontechnical monographs.  And because the AAAS also bore administrative responsibility for the Carnegie-funded project (the RCPA was an AAAS affiliated society), Haggard's plan to publish Alcohol Explored initially raised questions of prematurity in the mind of AAAS president, Walter B. Cannon.⁸  The Yale Summer School also addressed its lay audience long before the new scientific movement could be said to have generated the substantive wherewithall for a new alcohol pedagogy. Additional information-diffusing enterprises were also established. The QJSA published a series of Lay Supplements intended to convey current scientific knowledge to a wider public.  The Carnegie-funded project evolved into the Classified Abstract Archive of the Alcohol Literature (CAAAL), which was kept up-to-date on the alcohol-related scientific literature and supplied service subscribers with abstracts (Page, 1988, p. 1100).⁹

What would be the content of these information-diffusing enterprises, and where would the content come from?  The actual contents of Yale's then-current diffusion enterprises--in the pages of the early QJSA, Alcohol Explored (Haggard and Jellinek, 1942), and Alcohol, Science andSociety, the oft-reprinted account of the Yale Summer School's lectures and discussions in its second year, 1944 (Alcohol, 1945)--can now provide us with a revealing map of how the Yale-based group solved their what-to-diffuse problem. They relied on several strategies.  First, they relied on what science already knew about alcohol, often drawing material from the Carnegie review project. Second, they made multiple uses of the same, or virtually the same, text--so, for example, a lecture presented to the Summer School might also become a QJSA article, a QJSA Lay Supplement, a chapter in Alcohol, Science and Society or one of the other book-format Section publications.  Third, especially Jellinek devoted a great deal of attention and rhetorical acumen to his conception of science's particular virtues and strengths with respect to alcohol-related questions.
 

YANDELL HENDERSON made important contributions to cardiorespiratory physiology over a broad area with a particular emphasis on practical applications such as resuscitation, air pollution, mine safety, and aviation medicine. Although his initial training was in biochemistry, he early turned to cardiovascular physiology, including the output of the heart, venous return, and shock. His interest in high-altitude physiology was sparked when, with J. S. Haldane of Oxford University, he helped to organize the Anglo-American Pikes Peak Expedition of 1911. His involvement with high-altitude physiology remained throughout his life and he subsequently studied the blood changes with acclimatization, work capacity at extreme altitude, and problems in aviation medicine. Issues of mine safety prompted his interest in carbon monoxide poisoning, resuscitation, and ventilation standards for long vehicular tunnels. He made an early plea for recognition of clinical physiology as a discipline and contributed to the physiology of anesthesia and asphyxia in the newborn. Henderson's emphasis on applied physiology has gone out of fashion (which may partly explain why this memoir is fifty years late), but his philosophy that one of science's main responsibilities is to the human condition will find a resonance in many quarters.

 A New Deal in Liquor A Plea For Dilution  by Yandell Henderson
 New York: Doubleday & Company, Inc. 1934 Very Good. 8vo - over 7¾ - 9¾ tall. FIRST EDITION. Also a Reprinting of An Inquiry Into The Effects of Ardent Spirits Upon The Human Body and Mind by Dr. Benjamin Rush. A treatment of the temperance issue in the 1930s. 239 pp. With tables and illustrations. Red cloth binding with some light staining on front and back covers.

+ 17 Different Illustrations.